1. To find the weight (in kilograms) of a ream containing 500 sheets of a given size in inches and gram-weight.

[Length (in inches) x width (in inches) x gram-weight] / 3,100

2. To find the weight (in kilograms) of a ream containing 500 sheets of a given size in centimeters and gram-weight. 

[Length (in cm) x width (in cm) x gram-weight] / 20,000

3. To find the gram-weight of a ream containing 500 sheets of a given size in inches and weight (in kilograms).

[Weight (in kg) per ream x 3,100] / [Length (in inches) x width (in inches)]

4. To find the gram-weight of a ream containing 500 sheets of a given size in centimeters and weight (in kilograms).

[Weight (in kg) per ream x 20,000] / [Length (in cm) x width (in cm)]

Flex banner and vinyl banner are both banner media made of PVC with vinyl being self-adhesive also referred to as SAV (Self adhesive vinyl). Flex is generally used for a day or two.

1. Double Side Tapes

double side tapes are available in foam and plastic media. They have adhesive on both sides so that they can hold both banner and wall. Against cello tape where tapes are applied from outside and visible, these double side tapes are hidden. Also, they are stronger than cello tapes. If you have a larger banner apply them on all sides and center so that it won't fall off.

2. Mirror Screws

For using mirror screws either you can go with a thinner one or paste flex on to a plain board which can be foam, plastic or corrugated, and then fixes it onto the wall with these screws. These will leave marks on the wall and should be used only for large size banner as the double-side tapes may not be able to hold on to such a large size.

3. Sunboard

Sunboard is a thick foam board that comes in 3 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm thickness. These are used for vinyl pasting. Either you can paste media on to sunboard or you can also directly print on to these boards. Once done, this sunboard can be pasted on to the wall with the help of double side tape or mirror screws. To avoid regular wear & tear and to avoid dust to settle, go with lamination on this sunboard.

4. Hanging Banner

Hanging flex banner can be used for smaller sizes like up to 4 ft in any one dimension. These look like calendar type and can be hung to the wall with the help of a wall pin or screw. Larger size should not be used as the weight will not sustain. Poles are used at the top for stabilizing the banner. It is a good idea to go with an extra pole at the bottom of the banner width is larger than 3 ft.

5. Wooden frame standing against the wall

You can also consider making a wooden frame of flex. This is prepared by simply adding a wooden stick on the 4 sides. There is an additional stick added at the center of the banner size is large, so that it won't break. These wooden stands are thick enough to last for months. Either you can make themself standing with the legs created at the bottom or you can make them rest against the wall. It is better to leave 3 to 4 feet from the bottom of the wall as that area is normally not visible.

6. MS frame standing against the wall

MS flex frame is also known as the iron frame. They work in the same way as the wooden frames and also have the option of self-standing type. You can go with the MS frame wall standing option only if it is extended use for 5 to 6 months. For a few days of usage, you are more than safe with a wooden frame.

The cost of printing magazines depends upon the size and quantity of magazines.

1. Sizes

A5: 5.5'' x 8.5''

A4: 8.5'' x 11''

2. Quantity

For offset printing, a minimum number of 1000 copies is recommended.

3. Cover Paper

Matt or Gloss Art Paper 130 or 170 GSM: Cover for economy magazines.

Matt or Gloss Art Paper 250 or 300 GSM: Cover for premium magazines.

4. Inside Pages

The number of inside pages should be in multiples of 4.

5. Booklet Binding

Center pinning or perfect binding

Perfect binding is costlier than center pinning.

Vinyl, also known as SAV (Self Adhesive Vinyl), is a fine material that comes with the adhesive sticker at the back and requires due care at the time of installation. A normal or eco vinyl can not be directly pasted on the wall. As the wall is not 100% smooth and has a rough paint surface which will not hold on to the adhesive for long. After a few months, you will notice vinyl coming out of the edges.

1. Sunboard

This is the most commonly used. It is also referred to as a foam board. Sunboard comes in various sizes and thicknesses. The maximum 1 dimension available is 8 ft. So for the bigger size, you have to use multiple boards with butt or overlap joints. Sunboard can in turn be pasted on the wall with the help of mirror screws or nails. Double side tapes can also be used for smaller size boards.

2. PVC Sheets

PVC sheets are smooth without any grainy surface. YOu can use PVC sheets which is available in a variety of colors and sizes for pasting. You can cover the rear side of these sheets with black paper so that there is no color reflection. PVC sheet pasting machines are limited only whereas there are lots of sunboard pasting machines.

3. Acrylic

Acrylic is available in various colors and sizes. It is a lighter material than glass. Cost is also lesser than that of glass. The best part about acrylic sheets is that they won't break. You can have many options to use with acrylics like pasting, sandwiches, or direct printing as well. Edge polishing is also available for smoothing.

4. Glass

Glass is also called a mirror. It can be a glass window, panels, separation glass in offices. These are not just stand-alone glass cuts. Pasting of vinyl on glass is a meticulous exercise. There are 2 major types of vinyl used here - a one-way vision which as the name implies has to vision from one side only. People sitting inside will be able to see people outside but not the other way around. Another option is completely opaque eco vinyl.